{"id":1688,"date":"2012-04-17T00:29:59","date_gmt":"2012-04-16T22:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1688"},"modified":"2016-02-07T18:07:57","modified_gmt":"2016-02-07T17:07:57","slug":"etape-6-calculs-et-utilisation-des-variables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1688","title":{"rendered":"Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en Basic \u2013 ETAPE 6 : Calculs et utilisation des variables"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un des int\u00e9r\u00eats de la programmation est l\u2019automatisation des calculs. La mise en \u0153uvre des calculs n\u00e9cessitent des op\u00e9rateurs et des variables (pour recueillir les r\u00e9sultats).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Op\u00e9rateurs de calcul :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les <a href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=6458\">op\u00e9rateurs de calcul<\/a> sont tr\u00e8s communs pour les op\u00e9rations de base : +, -, *, \/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un cinqui\u00e8me op\u00e9rateur est disponible : MOD (pour modulo) retourne le reste d\u2019une division.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;usage des parenth\u00e8ses r\u00e9git le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=6458\">r\u00e9gime des priorit\u00e9s de calcul<\/a> (notion plus math\u00e9matique qu&#8217;informatique).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exemple : (12 * (30 &#8211; 2)) \/ 8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un calcul ne peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 en l&#8217;\u00e9tat ; il doit \u00eatre affect\u00e9 \u00e0 une variable ou affich\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cran.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Utilisation des variables :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Assignation d\u2019une valeur :<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; Lecture d\u2019une donn\u00e9es avec le mot-clef INPUT (cf <a href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1674\">ETAPE 5<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; Stockage d\u2019une valeur : exemple : a =5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; Stockage du r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un calcul : exemple : interet = capital * taux<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Affichage et formatage d\u2019une variable :<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019affichage du r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un calcul est effectu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aide du mot-clef PRINT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exemple : PRINT interet<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019instruction PRINT affiche le contenu de la variable tel qu\u2019il est calcul\u00e9 (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire avec toutes les d\u00e9cimales). Pour n\u2019afficher que deux d\u00e9cimales, nous utilisons la fonction FORMAT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Utilisation : FORMAT(variable, &#8220;format&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exemple : PRINT FORMAT(interet,&#8221;0.00&#8243;) permet de n\u2019afficher que deux d\u00e9cimales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A noter : la fonction FORMAT est disponible par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019une biblioth\u00e8que. Une biblioth\u00e8que est une extension du langage qui fournit des fonctionnalit\u00e9s additionnelles au langage Basic. Pour les utiliser, il est n\u00e9cessaire de charger la biblioth\u00e8que \u00e0 l\u2019aide de l\u2019instruction #INCLUDE. Pour charger la biblioth\u00e8que qui contient la fonction FORMAT : #include &#8220;string.bi&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>Calcul de la mensualit\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le calcul de la mensualit\u00e9 se programme ainsi :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">mens = (capital*taux\/12) \/ (1-(1+taux\/12)^-(duree*12))<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce code paraphrase la formule math\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019usage des parenth\u00e8ses r\u00e9pond aux m\u00eames r\u00e8gles qu\u2019en math\u00e9matique. A noter que l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation \u00e0 la puissance est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par le signe ^.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Fin de programme :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Par d\u00e9faut, lorsque le programme arrive sur la derni\u00e8re instruction, la fen\u00eatre console se referme sans que l\u2019utilisateur puisse consulter les derniers r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour emp\u00eacher la fermeture automatique de la fen\u00eatre, il suffit de cl\u00f4turer le programme \u00e0 l\u2019aide de l\u2019instruction SLEEP.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Code-source du programme \u00e0 l\u2019issue de cette \u00e9tape :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A l\u2019issue de cette \u00e9tape, le code-source (t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeable ci-apr\u00e8s) appara\u00eet ainsi :<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">'Calcul d'un \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier d'emprunt\r\n\r\n'Ecrit en basic sous FreeBASIC\r\n\r\n'Par Beno\u00eet-Ren\u00e9 RIVIERE, www.auditsi.eu\r\n\r\n#include \"string.bi\"\r\n\r\n'---D\u00e9claration des variables\r\n\r\n'------Param\u00e8tres emprunt\r\n\r\nDim capital As Double\r\n\r\nDim duree As Integer\r\n\r\nDim taux As Double\r\n\r\nDim mens As Double\r\n\r\n'---Saisie des param\u00e8tres de l'emprunt\r\n\r\nCls\r\n\r\nColor 11\r\n\r\nPrint \"Calcul d'un \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier d'emprunt\"\r\n\r\nPrint\r\n\r\nColor 15\r\n\r\nPrint \"Saisissez les param\u00e8tres de l'emprunt :\"\r\n\r\nInput \"Capital emprunt\u00e9 : \",capital\r\n\r\nInput \"Dur\u00e9e de l'emprunt en ann\u00e9es : \",duree\r\n\r\nInput \"Taux annuel : \",taux\r\n\r\n'---Calcul et affichage de la mensualit\u00e9\r\n\r\ntaux=taux\/100\r\n\r\nmens = (capital*taux\/12) \/ (1-(1+taux\/12)^-(duree*12))\r\n\r\nPrint \"Mensualit\u00e9 : \";Format(mens,\"0.00\")\r\n\r\nSleep<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>R\u00e9sultat de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution du programme :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le programme affiche maintenant le montant de la mensualit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-ETAPE-6-Console.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1689\" title=\"freeBasic ETAPE 6 Console\" src=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-ETAPE-6-Console.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"677\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-ETAPE-6-Console.jpg 677w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-ETAPE-6-Console-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-ETAPE-6-Console-1x1.jpg 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_counters\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share-small.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:2px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_c=new Array(\"twitter\",\"facebook_like\",\"facebook_send\",\"email\",\"print\",\"linkedin\");var hupso_counters_lang = \"fr_FR\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"BenoitRiviere14\";var hupso_url_c=\"\";var hupso_title_c=\"Initiation%20%C3%A0%20la%20programmation%20en%20Basic%20%E2%80%93%20ETAPE%206%20%3A%20Calculs%20et%20utilisation%20des%20variables\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/counters.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un des int\u00e9r\u00eats de la programmation est l\u2019automatisation des calculs. La mise en \u0153uvre des calculs n\u00e9cessitent des op\u00e9rateurs et des variables (pour recueillir les r\u00e9sultats). Op\u00e9rateurs de calcul : Les op\u00e9rateurs de calcul sont tr\u00e8s communs pour les op\u00e9rations de base : +, -, *, \/. Un cinqui\u00e8me op\u00e9rateur est disponible : MOD (pour &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1688\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading &lsquo;Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en Basic \u2013 ETAPE 6 : Calculs et utilisation des variables&rsquo; &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_counters\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share-small.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:2px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_c=new Array(\"twitter\",\"facebook_like\",\"facebook_send\",\"email\",\"print\",\"linkedin\");var hupso_counters_lang = \"fr_FR\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"BenoitRiviere14\";var hupso_url_c=\"\";var hupso_title_c=\"Initiation%20%C3%A0%20la%20programmation%20en%20Basic%20%E2%80%93%20ETAPE%206%20%3A%20Calculs%20et%20utilisation%20des%20variables\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/counters.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[442,39,1207],"tags":[902,815,1647,827,905,839,836,906,252,895,904,900,901,899,907,894,903,663,840],"class_list":["post-1688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basic","category-cas-pratiques","category-initiation-au-basic","tag-include","tag-automatisation","tag-basic","tag-bibliotheque","tag-calcul-de-mensualite","tag-calculs","tag-echeancier-demprunt","tag-elevation-a-la-puissance","tag-format","tag-input","tag-mathematiques-financieres","tag-mod","tag-modulo","tag-operateurs-de-calcul","tag-parentheses","tag-print","tag-sleep","tag-tutoriel","tag-variables"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1688"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6463,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1688\/revisions\/6463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}