{"id":1642,"date":"2012-04-13T01:02:43","date_gmt":"2012-04-12T23:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1642"},"modified":"2017-07-28T18:28:26","modified_gmt":"2017-07-28T16:28:26","slug":"initiation-a-la-programmation-en-basic-etape-3-declaration-des-variables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1642","title":{"rendered":"Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en Basic &#8211; ETAPE 3 : D\u00e9claration des variables"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Variables et donn\u00e9es :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comme nous l\u2019avons vu lors des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9tapes, un programme informatique a pour objet d\u2019automatiser le traitement de processus. Au cours de ces op\u00e9rations, le programme collecte, traite, stocke puis restitue des informations. Les informations, ou plut\u00f4t, les donn\u00e9es (terme informatique) en cours d\u2019utilisation sont stock\u00e9es dans des variables. Les variables sont des emplacements m\u00e9moire qui permettent de stocker, le temps des traitements, des donn\u00e9es, des r\u00e9sultats de calculs\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La plupart des langages modernes n\u00e9cessitent que les variables soient d\u00e9clar\u00e9es avant de les utiliser. Par d\u00e9claration, on entend d\u00e9finition (comme pour un mot dans le dictionnaire). Cette d\u00e9finition comporte deux items : un nom, un type.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Nom :<\/em><\/span> une variable comporte un nom (lettres et chiffres). C\u2019est avec ce nom que l\u2019emplacement m\u00e9moire (et surtout son contenu) est identifi\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Type :<\/em><\/span> Il existe plusieurs <a href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=6468\">types de variables<\/a>. Le type correspond \u00e0 la nature de la donn\u00e9e qui sera enregistr\u00e9e dans la variable. Pour simplifier, nous allons nous int\u00e9resser \u00e0 celles que nous sommes les plus susceptibles de rencontrer :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Texte : STRING* (cha\u00eenes de caract\u00e8res)<\/li>\n<li>Num\u00e9rique :\n<ul>\n<li>Entier : INTEGER (nombres de -32768 \u00e0 +32767), LONG (nombres de -2147483648 \u00e0 +2147483647)<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9el : SINGLE (nombres de -3,4e38 \u00e0 +3,4e38), DOUBLE (nombres de -1,8e308 \u00e0 +1,8e308)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bool\u00e9en (valeurs vrai ou faux) : BOOLEAN (TRUE ou FALSE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour en revenir \u00e0 notre cas, le calcul d\u2019un \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier d\u2019emprunt, nous avons trois donn\u00e9es issues du contrat programmer, toutes trois num\u00e9riques : r\u00e9elles (comprenant des d\u00e9cimales) pour le montant et le taux, enti\u00e8re pour la dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>D\u00e9claration des variables :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour d\u00e9clarer une variable, on utilise le mot clef DIM. La syntaxe est la suivante :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">DIM nom de la variable AS type<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exemple : les variables des donn\u00e9es du contrat d\u2019emprunt (capital emprunt\u00e9, dur\u00e9e et taux) sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9es ainsi :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">Dim capital As Double<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">Dim duree As Integer<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">Dim taux As Double<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ces quelques lignes sont \u00e0 saisir dans la zone d\u2019\u00e9dition de l\u2019EDI. Pr\u00e9alablement, ouvrez un nouveau projet de programme : Fichier \/ Nouveau ; une zone d\u2019\u00e9dition nomm\u00e9e \u00ab Unnamed \u00bb (sans nom en Fran\u00e7ais) appara\u00eet. A l\u2019issue de la saisie, vous devez obtenir ceci :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-Editeur-Unnamed.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1643\" title=\"freeBasic Editeur Unnamed\" src=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-Editeur-Unnamed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"422\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-Editeur-Unnamed.jpg 422w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-Editeur-Unnamed-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/freeBasic-Editeur-Unnamed-1x1.jpg 1w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Sauvegarde du programme :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour sauvegarder le projet, aller dans le menu &#8220;Fichier&#8221; puis &#8220;Enregistrer sous\u2026&#8221;, donner un nom (ici, \u00ab calcul emprunt \u00bb) puis valider. Le fichier porte l\u2019extension *.BAS (il s\u2019agit d\u2019un simple fichier ASCII).<\/p>\n<p>Approfondir le sujet\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?cat=1207\">Initiation au langage Basic (s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0______<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">* aucun rapport avec les plages d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_counters\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share-small.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:2px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_c=new Array(\"twitter\",\"facebook_like\",\"facebook_send\",\"email\",\"print\",\"linkedin\");var hupso_counters_lang = \"fr_FR\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"BenoitRiviere14\";var hupso_url_c=\"\";var hupso_title_c=\"Initiation%20%C3%A0%20la%20programmation%20en%20Basic%20-%20ETAPE%203%20%3A%20D%C3%A9claration%20des%20variables\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/counters.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Variables et donn\u00e9es : Comme nous l\u2019avons vu lors des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9tapes, un programme informatique a pour objet d\u2019automatiser le traitement de processus. Au cours de ces op\u00e9rations, le programme collecte, traite, stocke puis restitue des informations. Les informations, ou plut\u00f4t, les donn\u00e9es (terme informatique) en cours d\u2019utilisation sont stock\u00e9es dans des variables. Les variables &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?p=1642\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading &lsquo;Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en Basic &#8211; ETAPE 3 : D\u00e9claration des variables&rsquo; &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_counters\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share-small.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:2px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_c=new Array(\"twitter\",\"facebook_like\",\"facebook_send\",\"email\",\"print\",\"linkedin\");var hupso_counters_lang = \"fr_FR\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"BenoitRiviere14\";var hupso_url_c=\"\";var hupso_title_c=\"Initiation%20%C3%A0%20la%20programmation%20en%20Basic%20-%20ETAPE%203%20%3A%20D%C3%A9claration%20des%20variables\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/counters.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[442,39,1207,215],"tags":[850,1647,846,845,841,235,844,254,848,817,386,219,842,843,385,847,663,840,1641,849],"class_list":["post-1642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basic","category-cas-pratiques","category-initiation-au-basic","category-vba","tag-bas","tag-basic","tag-boolean","tag-booleen","tag-declaration","tag-dim-as","tag-double","tag-edi","tag-false","tag-freebasic","tag-integer","tag-langage-de-programmation","tag-long","tag-single","tag-string","tag-true","tag-tutoriel","tag-variables","tag-vba","tag-zone-dedition"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1642"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7021,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1642\/revisions\/7021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}