{"id":2377,"date":"2012-11-11T23:22:39","date_gmt":"2012-11-11T21:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=2377"},"modified":"2022-03-12T19:30:40","modified_gmt":"2022-03-12T18:30:40","slug":"les-langages-de-programmation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=2377","title":{"rendered":"Les langages de programmation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La plupart des langages de programmation sont n\u00e9s bien avant les ann\u00e9es 80. L&#8217;av\u00e8nement de la micro-informatique a permis leur d\u00e9veloppement. Le <a title=\"Le langage Basic\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=2331\">langage Basic<\/a> est de loin celui qui a connu la plus forte notori\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il existe diff\u00e9rents types de langages : certains permettent de cr\u00e9er des logiciels \u00e0 l&#8217;image du Basic, du C, du Pascal&#8230; et d&#8217;autres de g\u00e9rer des bases de donn\u00e9es (SQL&#8230;).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4626\" style=\"width: 471px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Historique-des-langages-de-programmation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4626\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4626\" src=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Historique-des-langages-de-programmation.png\" alt=\"Historique des langages de programmation (Basic Plus)\" width=\"461\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Historique-des-langages-de-programmation.png 461w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Historique-des-langages-de-programmation-207x300.png 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Historique des langages de programmation (Basic Plus)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e9 en 1974, le SQL (pour <em>Structured Query Language<\/em> ou en fran\u00e7ais langage de requ\u00eate structur\u00e9e) est le langage utilis\u00e9 par la majorit\u00e9 des SGBDR (Syst\u00e8me de Gestion de Bases de Donn\u00e9es Relationnelles) du march\u00e9 pour g\u00e9rer les bases de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2388\" style=\"width: 327px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7656.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2388\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2388\" title=\"Turbo Pascal sur Amstrad, \u00e9dition PSI\" src=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7656.jpg\" alt=\"Turbo Pascal sur Amstrad, \u00e9dition PSI\" width=\"317\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7656.jpg 317w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7656-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 317px) 100vw, 317px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Turbo Pascal sur Amstrad, \u00e9dition PSI<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Parce que l&#8217;informatique n&#8217;est pas cloisonn\u00e9e, il est possible d&#8217;\u00e9crire des programme m\u00ealant plusieurs langages. Par exemple, mon programme d&#8217;analyse de donn\u00e9es comptables <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=8535\">PADoCC_Ecritures<\/a>, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en langage VBA (d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du langage Basic) ex\u00e9cute des requ\u00eates SQL cr\u00e9\u00e9es \u00e0 la vol\u00e9e en fonction des donn\u00e9es en cours de traitement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les langages de programmation actuels descendent pour la plupart de ceux utilis\u00e9s dans les ann\u00e9es 80 : le Visual Basic, le VBA, Delphi (issu du Turbo Pascal), le C++&#8230; Moi-m\u00eame, je d\u00e9veloppe des programmes en VBA et sous DELPHI (cf <a title=\"R\u00e9alisations personnelles\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=1355\">Mes r\u00e9alisations<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2648\" style=\"width: 458px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7660.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2648\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2648\" title=\"DELPHI 2005 : un excellent langage de programmation\" src=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7660.jpg\" alt=\"DELPHI 2005 : un excellent langage de programmation\" width=\"448\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7660.jpg 448w, https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/DSCN7660-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2648\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">DELPHI 2005 : un excellent environnement de d\u00e9veloppement<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Quelques articles en rapport avec le sujet :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les trois niveaux de langage, Micro-Syst\u00e8mes n\u00b0 3 (janvier-f\u00e9vrier 1979), p. 59 : niveau 0 (langage machine \u00e0 base de &#8220;0&#8221; et de &#8220;1&#8221;), niveau 1 (langage assembleur, semblable au langage machine mais utilise un code mn\u00e9monique) et niveau 2 (langage \u00e9volu\u00e9 ou de haut niveau). Le niveau 2 fait totalement abstraction de l&#8217;architecture de la machine utilis\u00e9e au contraire des deux autres.<\/li>\n<li>Caract\u00e9ristiques principales des langages \u00e9volu\u00e9s (Algol, PL\/1, Fortran, Cobol&#8230;), Micro-Syst\u00e8mes n\u00b0 6 (juillet-ao\u00fbt 1979), p. 111<\/li>\n<li>ADA : un langage des ann\u00e9es 80, Micro-Syst\u00e8mes n\u00b0 13 (septembre-octobre 1980), p. 153<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e9sentation du langage APL, Micro-Syst\u00e8mes n\u00b0 18 (juillet-ao\u00fbt 1981), p. 103<\/li>\n<li>TI LOGO : la p\u00e9dagogie avanc\u00e9e, Micro-Syst\u00e8mes n\u00b0 20 (novembre-d\u00e9cembre 1981), p. 179 : l&#8217;ordinateur \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole, un sujet qui fait couler beaucoup d&#8217;encre. Le langage LOGO, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Seymour PAPERT, un pionnier en mati\u00e8re d&#8217;\u00e9ducation, est en passe de devenir le chef de file de toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de logiciels sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7us pour l&#8217;enseignement et l&#8217;\u00e9ducation : il ne suffit pas de transmettre un savoir mais il faut rendre \u00e0 l&#8217;enfant son autonomie en s&#8217;appuyant sur ses capacit\u00e9s cr\u00e9atrices. La version TI LOGO pour micro-ordinateur TI-99 est \u00e9dit\u00e9e par TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.<\/li>\n<li>Etude d&#8217;un d\u00e9sassembleur, Micro-Syst\u00e8mes n\u00b0 22 (mars-avril 1982), p. 61 : explications et listing Basic d&#8217;un d\u00e9sassembleur \u00e9crit en Basic pour Commodore CBM 3032<\/li>\n<li>Plaidoyer pour un langage m\u00e9pris\u00e9 : le LSE, Science &amp; Vie Micro n\u00b0 28 (mai 1986), p. 26<\/li>\n<li>Turbo Pascal pour Macintosh, Science &amp; Vie Micro n\u00b0 34 (d\u00e9cembre 1986), p. 124 : Borland, l&#8217;\u00e9diteur du langage Turbo Pascal \u00e0 succ\u00e8s sous MS\/DOS et CP\/M, r\u00e9it\u00e8re son exploit sous Macintosh\u2026<\/li>\n<li>Turbo Pascal 6.0, Soft &amp; Micro n\u00b0 72 (mars 1991), p. 75<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Les photos d&#8217;illustration sont issues de ma <a title=\"Ma collection\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=1983\">collection personnelle<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Approfondir le sujet :<br \/>\n<a title=\"L'informatique des ann\u00e9es 80\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=2119\">L\u2019informatique des ann\u00e9es 80<\/a> \/ <a title=\"Ma collection\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=1983\">Ma collection<\/a> \/ <a title=\"Ma documentation\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=3930\">Ma documentation<\/a> \/ <a title=\"Quelques id\u00e9es de lecture pour en savoir plus\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=4631\">Quelques id\u00e9es de lecture<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"sconnect-is-installed\" style=\"display: none;\">2.13.0.0<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_counters\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share-small.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:2px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_c=new Array(\"twitter\",\"facebook_like\",\"facebook_send\",\"email\",\"print\",\"linkedin\");var hupso_counters_lang = \"fr_FR\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"BenoitRiviere14\";var hupso_url_c=\"\";var hupso_title_c=\"Les%20langages%20de%20programmation\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/counters.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La plupart des langages de programmation sont n\u00e9s bien avant les ann\u00e9es 80. L&#8217;av\u00e8nement de la micro-informatique a permis leur d\u00e9veloppement. Le langage Basic est de loin celui qui a connu la plus forte notori\u00e9t\u00e9. Il existe diff\u00e9rents types de langages : certains permettent de cr\u00e9er des logiciels \u00e0 l&#8217;image du Basic, du C, du &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/?page_id=2377\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading &lsquo;Les langages de programmation&rsquo; &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_counters\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share-small.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:2px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_c=new Array(\"twitter\",\"facebook_like\",\"facebook_send\",\"email\",\"print\",\"linkedin\");var hupso_counters_lang = \"fr_FR\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"BenoitRiviere14\";var hupso_url_c=\"\";var hupso_title_c=\"Les%20langages%20de%20programmation\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/counters.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-2377","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2377"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3749,"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2377\/revisions\/3749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.auditsi.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}